Category Archives: Search Strategies

Good Companies on Sale and Tutorial on Net/Nets

                           Bernanke’s christmas present

If you can break away from the holiday cheer you might enjoy these articles. 

Good Companies on Sale

Yes, there is uncertainty, fear and bad news but this article has a good point:

Americas best companies are cheap, so Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year: http://www.gurufocus.com/news/156195/americas-best-companies-are-cheap–so-merry-christmas-and-a-prosperous-new-year

I can’t vouch for all the companies on the list, but you understand the general idea. Many great companies are relatively cheap compared to their historical valuations and current investment alternatives. Quality on sale. However, their valuations are down because investors view the future as slow growth and troubled.

Tutorial in Net/Nets

There are those of us who combine a portfolio of great companies at the right price (easier said than done!) with some asset-type of investments like net/nets.

If you go to www.gannononinvesting.com you can read his series on Net/Nets. A tutorial if you follow the links.

Back to the spiked eggnog.

What about Using Screens? Question from Readers

Screeners

A reader asks what type of screeners do I use to find ideas.  I do not use any other than reading.

I have used 10-K Wizard (bought by Morningstar) to do word searches and alert me to form-10 filings (Spin-off report), so I am aware of special situations.  I also have Google alert me to any news of corporate liquidations, spin-offs, restructuring, emergence from bankruptcy, etc.  That is one tool for searching for special situations or corporate restructuring.

Mostly I have 150 to 200 stable franchise-like companies that I have followed for many years, I follow capital allocation type companies like Markel, Loews, Enstar that have good investors at the helm so you buy when the price is at or below net asset value so you get management for free. Like being invested in private equity without the fees.

Reading is the main way. The problem is not enough time to handle all the ideas, so the key is to quickly focus on the best opportunity–the biggest discount to future cash flows.

Capital IQ is too expensive and Yahoo is unreliable. I can have access to a Bloomberg terminal but rarely use it. Just let me read my 10-Ks.

I will do a post on search at another time. Perhaps then there will be ideas to help in finding opportunities.

 Thanks for the question.

An Insider’s View of Capital Allocation (Corporate Finance and Valuation Case Studies)

This is includes an important reading found here: http://www.scribd.com/doc/75125923/Capital-Structure-and-Stock-Repurchases-Value-Vault.  Also in the Value Vault.

The 58-page document will start with buy backs from a corporate finance (an insider’s) perspective as described by Mr. Louis Lowenstein, the CEO of Supermarkets General and a Law Professor at Columbia University. Then you will read what the masters, Buffett and Graham had to say on the subject. If, when and how a company buys back its shares says a lot about the business and capital allocation skills of management as the Case Studies of Teledyne Corporation and others will show. You will learn the importance of context and circumstance as the principles of good and bad capital allocation are applied. I hope you find the lessons instructive.

From the introduction

Whether the business is a franchise or not, management has two major jobs: operate the business efficiently which is critical in a non-franchise business since earning the company’s cost of capital is the best outcome and allocating capital effectively. Growth is only profitable in a franchise business, therefore capital allocation is critical for shareholder returns.  If a franchise’s core business is unable to grow, often free cash-flow can’t be redeployed at the same high returns. Capital might need to be returned to shareholders but how much and in what way?

Thinking about what management will do with excess cash is important for your valuation work. Should the excess cash on the balance sheet be discounted heavily because management tends to make poor choices (Greenblatt) or will management buy-in shares, causing the per share value to rise (Duff & Phelps valuation case study)?  You will be given a corporate insider view on these issues.

Share repurchase programs should be an integral part of a company’s capital allocation process, one in which management weighs reinvestment opportunities not only against the alternative of cash dividends but also both of those alternatives against a third alternative, the buyback of common stock. Management has several capital allocation alternatives:

Business Needs: Working capital, Capital expenditures, and Mergers & acquisitions

Return Capital to Shareholders: Dividends, Share buybacks, and Debt repayment

You will gain many insights from your reading.

Supplementary materials from a reader:

http://www.capatcolumbia.com/MM%20LMCM%20reports/Clear%20Thinking%20about%20Share%20Repurchase.pdf

Dividends from an investor’s perspective:

An European Blog and Search Strategy

Eurosharelab

Jacob Wolinsky of http://www.valuewalk.com pointed out this blog on European markets. Subscribe to learn more about investing outside the U.S.  You should look in the areas of dislocation like Europe.

http://www.eurosharelab.com/free-subscription-success

Jacob writes, “My good friend Tim Du Toit is a value based investor in Germany. He has over 20 years in money management, and many years of experience in value investing. On the side he runs a blog http://eurosharelab.com about value investing containing lots of good ideas for European equities, behavioral finance etc.

Search Strategy

Do not forget to watch the stock 52-week new low lists. There is tax-loss selling that occurs until end of the year. If you can find a stock you are familiar with on the list and know its prospects are good, you may have the benefit of uneconomic–in regards to the company’s prospects–selling due to tax losses. Chrysler, many years ago, comes to mind. It started the year at its low around $3 per share and continued to climb to around $60 by mid-Year.

About three weeks ago (Nov. 15th) , I mentioned this strategy. http://csinvesting.org/2011/11/15/pzena-pzn-disappointment-despair-and-tax-loss-selling/

Of course, the markets have risen approximately 10% since the November 15th post, but PZN has risen 25% or more.  Operationally, nothing has changed and PZN is not leveraged on its balance sheet. I am making an assumption that some of the selling pressure a few weeks ago was due to non-company factors.

To search go to the new low lists found here: http://online.wsj.com/mdc/public/page/2_3021-newhinyse-newhighs.html

http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/52-week-high-low.aspx?exchange=NASDAQ&status=Low

http://stockpickr.com/today/52-Week-Lows/

Balance Sheet Quiz and Case Study on LPX

It is time to dig into the micro level of balance sheets and to test YOUR skills; take no more than 10 minutes on this case study found here:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/73386616/LPX-10K-2010-Balance-Sheet-Case-Study

A few readers have asked me for search strategies. I will do a post on this later.  Mr. Buffett would tell you to sit down in a library and go A-Z through Moody’s or Value-Line.   What the $%&*!–that is 3,000 companies.   Well, start with the As.

I do not do screens for the reason that should become obvious in the above case study.

If my instructions are unclear please post your questions and I will clarify. Good luck.

Pzena (PZN) Disappointment, Despair and Tax Loss Selling

A reader has asked about search strategies and I plan to do a more indepth post on search strategies including screening techniques.

Some people think of what Thanksgiving may bring while I look for tax loss selling in small, obscure, and deeply disappointing stocks.

Here is one company that might fit the bill:

To understand the depth of the disappointment we might compare PZN to other small caps:

I have had enough

When I go to www.pzena.com and look at their recent press release I see $13.7 million in managed assets so a low-end valuation of assets under management (AUM) might be 2% or (2% of 13.7 billion or $274 million divided by 65 million shares (both A & B) or $4.23. Enterprise value is about $200 million after subtracting $38 million in cash and EBITDA is around $45 million (there isn’t much capex with human capital). If assets stabilize, then perhaps asset values are above enterprise value–I might have a margin of safety.

Mr. Pzena almost blew up his firm with investments in Citigroup (“C”) during the 2008/2009 crisis. His firm’s equity performance since then has been good but he has to maintain good performance to turn his three and five-year performance record to top quintile performance. Go here: www.pzena.com

Ok, so that is a reason I would then go to the 10-K and dig deeper; there is enough here to make it worth my time to spend another hour or two. Please, this is NOT an investment recommendation since there may not be enough of a cushion to have a comfortable margin of safety. Also, there may be more attractive alternative investments than this one.

The main point is to look for disappointment. Now I have no proof that there is tax loss selling but with the company underperforming the Russell 2000 for several years and the recent decline during this tax loss window (Oct. – Dec.), I am making a supposition that some investors are making a tax decision rather than an investment decision.

Let’s revisit this in 6 months to see whether my thesis has more substance.

WSJ: Home Forecast Calls for Pain

Thoughts on SEARCH STRATEGY.  Where to find ideas.

I will paraphrase John Templeton, “Go where the outlook is the worst.”

“Hit’em where they ain’t” –Yogi Berra

The headline today in the Wall Street Journal shows one area of pain–the housing market. From the Wall Street Journal (Sept. 21, 2011) “Home prices are expected to drop 2.5% this year and rise just 1.1% annually through 2015, according to a recent survey more than 100 economists to be released Wednesday.”

Anytime you have many of the 100 economists bearish on an industry, there is usually light at the end of the tunnel. Despite all the interference from the Federal government in housing through Freddie and Fannie, bank lending practices, etc. the market is doing its job of shutting off building due to the oversupply of homes built during the housing bubble of 2002 to 2006.

If you click on the commentary on the recent housing data below, you will notice the overbuilding in the 2005 and 2006 is being corrected severely for the past few years as building is at 1/3 the boom-time levels.  Mal-investment is being cleared and resources are leaving the housing market to be better applied elsewhere.

http://www.ftportfolios.com/Commentary/EconomicResearch/2011/9/20/housing-starts-fell-5.0percent-in-august-to-571,000-units-at-an-annual-rate

The longer housing starts remain at low levels, in fact, the higher the probability that the market will go into a shortage situation, since the rate of family formations is running above the current level of starts. There are plenty of charts and data on housing here: http://www.nahb.org/showpage_details.aspx?showpageID=311 and here: http://www.esa.doc.gov/economic-indicators/economic-indicators-6

Note in the chart below comparing XHB (Homebuilders ETF), MDC and TOL, bad news is not driving the prices to new lows. Perhaps bad news is being priced in? The market is a discounting mechanism.

http://bigcharts.marketwatch.com/advchart/frames/frames.asp?show=&insttype=&symb=xhb&time=13&startdate=1%2F4%2F1999&enddate=9%2F21%2F2011&freq=2&compidx=aaaaa%3A0&comptemptext=mdc%2Ctol&comp=mdc%2Ctol&ma=0&maval=9&uf=0&lf=1&lf2=0&lf3=0&type=2&style=320&size=2&timeFrameToggle=false&compareToToggle=false&indicatorsToggle=false&chartStyleToggle=false&state=12&x=42&y=24

Gensis 41:53:

The seven years of plenteousness ended. Over and above the proportion purchased for the government during the years of plenty, the people could still have husbanded much for future use. But improvident as men commonly are in the time of prosperity, they found themselves in want, and would have starved by thousands had not Joseph anticipated and provided for the protracted calamity.

Since ancient times there have been cycles of plenty and famine. The famine in housing may be nearing an end give or take another 18 months, so I will look at homebuilders with decent balance sheets that I can buy at or below their clean book values (low goodwill).

I will start with MDC Holdings (MDC).  This company has no competitive advantage, therefore paying a premium to its asset value would leave no margin of safety.

This post is to introduce you to a search strategy–where and how to look. This is NOT a suggestion for YOU to run out and buy homebuilders’ equities at random.

But certainly, this area is one place I might look for a small portion of my portfolio.  I think world-class companies like Novartis (NVS) or Applied Materials (AMAT) today seem more compelling than asset plays since these are franchises (consistently over a business cycle earn high returns on invested capital) with little or no growth priced into their stock prices.

Have a good day.