Category Archives: Economics & Politics

The Fatal Conceit and the Federal Reserve’s Operation Twist; Healthcare Explained

The Fatal Conceit of the Fed’s central planning:

http://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2012/07/04/take-15-fatal-conceit-what-the-fed-imagines-it-can-design/

Gary Brinson, CFA, discusses the impact that the Federal Reserve’s prolonged low-rate environment is having on plan sponsors. He argues that we are observing Hayek’s fatal conceit in which a handful of people in the government imagine they can redesign markets and do better than markets themselves can.

Editor: Obviously an analyst who studies a company with a large pension will be looking hard at the plan sponsor’s assumptions regarding future returns. Perhaps assumptions are much too rosy and a hit to future earnings (normalized earnings should be lowered) will be coming.

The Fed is Twisted

More on the failure of the Fed’s operation twist. The Fed’s suppression of rates through purchasing government debt and adding reserves to the banking system hurts savers–Grandma receives $0 on her retirement savings–and savings is what is needed to increase production and services to increase wealth.

http://mises.org/daily/6102/Yet-Another-Operation-Twist

A fall in interest rates cannot grow the economy. All that it can produce is a misallocation of real savings. As a rule, an artificial lowering of interest rates (which is accompanied by the central bank’s monetary pumping — increasing commercial banks’ reserves) boosts the demand for lending; and this, as a rule, causes banks to expand credit “out of thin air.”

This in turn sets in motion the diversion of real savings, or real funding, from wealth-generating activities to non-wealth-generating activities.

……For those commentators who hold that an artificial lowering of interest rates could grow the economy, we must reiterate that an interest rate is just an indicator, as it were. In a free market, it would mirror consumer preferences regarding the consumption of present goods versus future goods. For instance, when consumers raise their preferences toward future goods relative to present goods, this is manifested by a decline in interest rates.

Conversely, an increase in the relative preference toward present goods leads to the increase in interest rates.

As a rule, all other things being equal, an increase in the pool of real funding tends to be associated with an increase in the preference toward future goods — i.e., a decline in interest rates. Note, however, that movement in interest rates has nothing to do with the generation of real wealth as such. The key for that is the increase in the capital goods. What makes this increase in turn possible is the expanding pool of real savings.

In a market economy, interest rates instruct entrepreneurs (in accordance with consumer time preferences) where to channel their capital. A policy that artificially lowers interest rates only sends misleading signals to businesses, thereby resulting in the misallocation of real funding.

If a lowering of interest rates could have created economic growth, as the popular thinking has it, then it makes sense to keep interest rates at zero for a long time.

The fact that we have already had such an experiment, which so far failed, should alert various supporters of low-interest-rate policies that something is completely wrong with the idea that a central bank can grow an economy.

By now it should be realized that the artificial lowering of interest rates can only divert real funding from wealth-generating activities toward unproductive activities, thereby diminishing the ability of wealth generators to grow the economy.

We can conclude that the latest policy of the Fed not only is not going to help the economy but, on the contrary, is going to make things much worse. What is needed now is the curtailment of the Fed’s ability to pursue loose monetary policies. The less the Fed does, the better it is going to be for the economy.

….So far, in June, banks excess cash reserves stood at $1.49 trillion against $1.461 trillion in May. This means that if the pool of real savings is in trouble (which is quite likely), the Fed will have difficulty stimulating economic activity — i.e., generating illusory economic growth.

Even establishment economist see the futility of the Fed’s money manipulation, though they do not call for its shut-down.

http://scottgrannis.blogspot.com/2012/07/meltzer-monetary-policy-is-not-problem.html

What if the Fed throws a QE3 and nobody comes: http://www.hussmanfunds.com/wmc/wmc120709.htm

Yes, a fractional reserve banking system that allows Ponzi finance whereby a bank can lend out your Demand Deposit many times over–how can a bank and YOU have title to the same property at the same time?–helps cause booms and busts. (All detailed here:http://mises.org/books/desoto.pdf). And The cartelization of the banking system and manipulation of the money supply further exacerbates the misallocation of capital. Note that the booms and busts have been longer and more severe than the pre-20th Century Panics before the Fed was born in 1913 (http://mises.org/books/fed.pdf).  The argument against the classical gold standard and the lack of central planning was the chaos of the bank panics of the 1800s, the Panics of 1819, 1837, 1857, 1876, etc. However, those panics were caused by banks not having to back each loan with 100% of their own capital. Banks pyramid off of their deposit base, speculating with their depositor’s capital.

Healthcare Explained

But the real cause of our economic pain is the continued growth in government coercion to prop up America’s growing entitlements. The Healthcare mandate (tax) is one of our biggest disasters. View a seven-minute cartoon explaining why our healthcare system will collapse economically. Healthcare explained:   http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/07/healthcare-explained.html

The best way to understand the problems of ObamaCare is through purchasing bananas. When you go to buy a bunch of bananas do you ask how much they cost? Of course. But when you go to the Doctor’s office, do you ask how much the medical procedure costs? No. Therein lies the problem with exploding healthcare costs. The consumer spends more time considering the purchase of a $2 bunch of bananas than they do a $2,000 medical procedure because the insurance company (third-party) payer is in between the patient and the Doctor. The consumer does not bargain to lower costs, thus costs explode.

…….My rant has ended.

Ride the Rodeo

Ride the Rodeo of Manipulated Monetary Control

…with a madman at the Fed, ONE of the reasons our economy reacts…..

More here………http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2012/07/bernankes-economic-rodeo-ride.html

Escape the Deception

http://lewrockwell.com/roberts/roberts353.html

Have a Great Weekend/Holiday and See you Next Week!  Excellent posts on learning–Thanks to all the contributions.

What Could Possibly Go Wrong?

Comprehensive List of Investing Books

Ordway Letter

As per the last post:http://wp.me/p1PgpH-WS, I mentioned signing up for a free newsletter at pcordway@gmail.com.

Below is an example of his letter. His reading list on value investing is  comprehensive. My suggestion is to read the Intelligent Investor by Graham, then Margin of Safety (posted on this blog and in the Value Vault) several times to understand the mindset of a value investor, then move onto the Buffett readings. Question and reread. Study accounting and competitive advantage while perusing annual reports of companies that interest you. If you don’t understand something, then try to find the answer through sleuthing. Practice THINKING INDEPENDENTLY (The experts don’t know the future either!) Apply principles to specific examples, that is why this blog emphasizes case studies.

Be patient. If it was easy, then the rewards wouldn’t be there. Competence will begin to appear in five or six years of intensive study and perhaps expertise after ten to fifteen years. I am still a student after 25 years with a long journey ahead.

An analysis on Share Repurchases: MauboussinOnStrategy_–_ShareRepurchaseFromAllAngles_June_2012

Bearish_on_Brazil I worked in Brazil, and the problems come down to abuse of property rights and poor laws and institutions. Don’t be fooled.

Ordway_reading_list

Suggested reading material or any other commentary is always welcome — just send me an email. I hope everyone is doing well and has a great 4th of July holiday next week.
Quoted

  • “Former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said the U.S. will emerge relatively unharmed from the debt crisis in Europe as efforts by Greece, Spain and other nations to stabilize their economies persist for the long-term. ‘Although Europe is a drag, the U.S. will continue to muddle along with growth that really isn’t enough to make a dent in employment,’ Paulson…said at a [June 19] biotechnology industry conference in Boston. Europe will eventually stabilize and avoid a ‘catastrophic outcome,’ he said, [but] under the best circumstances, ‘this will drag on over time.’” (Source: Bloomberg)
  • Regarding the outlook in Europe: “I’m sure of three things. I  don’t know what’s going to happen; nobody else knows what is going to  happen; and all the experts are predicting different outcomes so 90% of  them must be wrong, if not 100%. It is a folly to listen to anyone who  says they know what is going to happen and make investments on that  basis.” — Howard Marks*
    • * Remarks delivered at a conference in New York on June 12, 2012. Any misattributions or mistakes are my own. Further comments are paraphrased as follows: Europe will probably get by, with the governments — namely Germany — doing the bare minimum. But there is certainly a non-zero chance of of something very bad happening. Either way, Europe in general is a huge mess and will likely remain so for years. The wall of worry in today’s market is well deserved; the litany of macro concerns prevalent today may be the most extreme in my or anyone’s career, but they also have existed for years — we just weren’t focusing on them. The riskiest thing in the world is a lack of belief in the presence of risk in the market; that is certainly not the case today. Act cautiously; insist on value and safety. Low-priced, well-capitalized corporate assets are — as always — the best options in this environment.

Facts and Figures

  • In the past six years, the balance sheets of the world’s eight largest central banks have more than tripled (in dollar terms) from $5.4 trillion to $15+ trillion. (Source: Bianco Research)
  • Coca-Cola will return to Myanmar (Burma) for the first time in 60 years. The only two countries left in the world without Coke will then be Cuba and North Korea. (Source: Bloomberg)
  • “From 1985 through 2011…for every dollar spent in [capex, M&A, dividends and buybacks], roughly $0.55 went to capital spending, $0.27 to M&A, and $0.18 to dividends and buybacks.” (Source: Michael Mauboussin — see attached; note: dividends and buybacks were about equal at ~9% each)
    • In the past 10 years, dividends and M&A have remained about the same (~9% and ~26%, respectively), while capex has fallen to 50% and buybacks have climbed to 14%. In the last five years, the trend is even clearer: still almost 9% in dividends, only 43% in capex, 16% in buybacks and 32% in M&A

Attachments

  • Reading List — A couple of friends asked for this recently, so I thought I’d send it around in case you’re looking for some good reading material this summer. The “top 100” and groupings are just my opinion — there should be something for everyone on this list, and hopefully some new or overlooked books or articles. Please let me know if you have any suggestions or corrections to the list.
  • “Share Repurchases from All Angles” — An excellent article from Michael Mauboussin offering some clear-headed thinking on share buybacks.
  • “Bearish on Brazil” — A great debate about Brazil’s economic prospects. The attached is an essay in Foreign Affairs adapted from the author’s new book Breakout Nations: In Pursuit of the Next Economic Miracles. I haven’t read the book yet, but the essay is interesting. The author, who is head of Emerging Markets and Global Macro at Morgan Stanley Investment Management, explores Brazil’s lofty reputation as a growth market and attributes most of the successes to a heavy reliance on rising commodity prices driven by Chinese demand. The author also believes Brazil has a “hidden cap” on growth — due to high interest rates, inflationary feedback, uncompetitiveness, an overvalued currency, chronic government overspending and misinvestment, lack of productivity growth, and a lack of investment in anything other than a welfare state — that will be exposed as commodity demand/prices weaken.

Books

  • Hedge Fund Market Wizards Jack Schwager has just released the fourth book in his Market Wizards series. I’ve read the others, which began more than 20 years ago, and this one is the best yet. They’re all focused more on “trading” than “investing,” and some of the trade-y stuff really makes me cringe, but even the staunchest Grahamite still has something to learn here. In particular, Schwager’s interview with Edward Thorp is excellent — that material alone would make a great book.The only overlap with The Alpha Masters is a chapter on a Ray Dalio, which is longer and more detailed in Schwager’s book.  And if nothing else, Schwager’s interview with Joel Greenblatt gives this book all the credibility it needs. Highly recommended.
    • An interview with the author by Opalesque (via a great blog) is here.

Links

  • Debunking the Myth of Intuition” — A great interview with Prof. Kahneman on a range of topics.
  • Julian Robertson Interviewed on Bloomberg TV — A rare interview with Julian Roberston. Topics include hedge funds and investment strategy, Europe and the debt crisis, and American politics.
  • The Five Mega-trends Shaping Tomorrow’s Customers” — An op-ed by Coca-Cola CEO Muhtar Kent about the key forces driving the world’s consumers.
  • The Formula That Killed Wall Street? The Gaussian Copula and the Material Cultures of Modelling” — Don’t let the title scare you.
  • Why I’m Betting Big on Europe— A profile of David Herro and his investments in European banks. Regardless of an opinion on the merits of these investments, this is certainly not a mutual fund manager with any fear of a little tracking error!
  • The State of the Nation’s Housing” — The latest annual report from The Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. I’ve always found this report to be one of the very best ways to understand the conditions in the housing industry (and it’s free!). This year’s press release reads: ““While still in the early innings of a housing recovery, rental markets have turned the corner, home sales are strengthening, and a floor is beginning to form under home prices. With new home inventories at record lows, unless the broader economy goes into a tailspin, stronger sales should further stabilize prices and pave the way for a pickup in single-family housing construction over the course of 2012.”
  • This is Your Brain on Bargains: JC Penney and the Curse of Discounts” — An interesting look at consumer behavior, the history of coupons and discounts, and the potential impact on JCP’s strategy.
  • Shatel Q&A: Friendships are Buffett’s Sport Riches” — Speaking of Michael Lewis (see below), I thought Moneyball was a pretty good book. In this interview, which is more of a curiosity than anything else, Buffett said in response to a question about sports figures asking for advice from him: “I get a lot of them that just want to talk. Billy Beane called. He’s a  Berkshire shareholder. He was running the A’s. He was running them like  Berkshire, he thought. There’s a fair number of them who are  shareholders.”
  • In Insider and Enron Cases, Balancing Lies and Thievery— I think this is a really interesting debate. And this essay is amazing — the lead Enron prosecutor walks through a very honest assessment of the case; admits that it had “fundamental weaknesses” and that Skilling “took steps inconsistent with alleged criminal intent”; and states that his trial strategy breakthrough came after watching the movie based on Bethany McLean’s outstanding book The Smartest Guys in the Room (which is highly recommended, by the way).

Articles

  • Remarks at the Festival of Economics — A recent speech by George Soros in which he outlines his theory of reflexivity and his thoughts on the euro/EU crisis. It’s long and a little dense — and the reflexivity stuff certainly isn’t new — but there are worthwhile thoughts and analysis in here if you wade through it. And here and here are other Soros articles on the topic.
  • Don’t Eat Fortune’s Cookie” — Michael Lewis’s recent speech to the graduating class at Princeton. I have mixed emotions on his articles and books — I love some of them, others not so much — but in the spirit of the recently passed graduation season, this is worth a quick read. Other commencement links:
  • Unequal Shares” — A look at dual-class share structures and public company governance in light of the recent Facebook IPO. A recent issue of The Economist also looked at the possible demise of the public company, which obviously a bit of hyperbole but has some worthwhile thoughts behind it.
  • “Not So Expert” — A column in The Economist about psychological biases and financial decisions. “The need for financial advice may be more psychological than practical.”
  • NYSE CEO: Public Has Lost Trust in Market — I think there is something to the NYSE’s side of the argument. And much like the move from private partnerships to publicly-traded corporations, I would view the exchanges’ decisions to IPO as a seminal moment in the evolution of the environment we have today.

Sign up!

Reading of Interest: Market Perspective Since the 1800s

Value Investing Newsletter

Value investing newsletter/email–ask to be on his distribution list so you can uncover interesting articles on investing: pcordway@gmail.com,

Two excellent blogs we can learn from:

http://brooklyninvestor.blogspot.com/

http://theenterprisinginvestor.blogspot.com/

And thanks to a reader, we have a chart book of markets since the 1800s for perspective. Fascinating!  The Longest Picture

Marie Eveillard

Another investor with an Austrian perspective on the gold market: http://www.kingworldnews.com/kingworldnews/Broadcast/Entries/2012/1/24_Jean-Marie_Eveillard.html

Investment Fees: http://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2012/06/28/investment-management-fees-are-much-higher-than-you-think/

 Chanos Discusses Value Traps

 Chanos Value Traps June 2012 and more on Chanos:

Chanos_presentation-Ira_Sohn_conf-5-27-09-1

29857553-Chanos-Transcript

Try to go the extra mile and look up the financials of any company he speaks about. What can you use from studying his presentation?

Reading of Interest

entrepreneurs are heroes

Entrepreneurs do more with less: http://www.thefreemanonline.org/headline/doing-more-with-less/

Obamacare

Supreme Court Ruling: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf You can tax people for what they neither want nor need–or intervention begets ever more intervention.

The response

Life expectancy to drop under ObamaCare: http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2012/06/why-life-expectancy-will-decline-under.html

The young will get screwed under ObamaCare: http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2012/06/how-obamacare-will-screw-young.html

A reading list of why ObamaCare will fail: http://mises.org/daily/3737/Why-ObamaCare-Will-Fail-A-Reading-List

Fatal Flaws: http://scottgrannis.blogspot.com/2012/06/fatal-flaws-of-obamacare.html

The Annual Report of the Bank of International Settlements

Even central bankers realize the futility of printing more money. An important read: http://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2012e.pdf

Investment remain flat

http://scottgrannis.blogspot.com/2012/06/business-investment-remains-flat.html

EMAIL kessler@robotti.com for his Free Email Letter (Fantastic)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Value Investing Treasures

David Kessler always puts together interesting readings on investors, markets and investing. Email him to request to be on his email distribution list: Kessler@Robotti.com

This is what happens when I don’t read get my Kessler email: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgH2nM55m24&feature=related

 

Epiphany at the FED?

An Epiphany at the Fed By Roger Arnold06/21/12 – 09:13 AM EDT

NEW YORK (Real Money) — There are nascent signs of a profound shift in ideology by global central bankers regarding the application of monetary policy. Traders and investors alike should be watchful, as this could have a substantial impact on all asset classes in the near future. Yet neither the markets nor the financial media have recognized this phenomenon.

When modern central banking was established with the creation of the U.S. Federal Reserve in 1913, it was partly a reaction to a series of business boom and bust cycles following the Civil War and the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, culminating with the banking crisis of 1907. The political rationale for creating the Federal Reserve was to provide countercyclical intervention to thwart economic activity that resulted in either inflation or deflation, thus mitigating the business cycle. As logical as it sounds, the idea of intervention has been contested by large segments of academia dedicated to the study of economics and political economy. (What proof is there that the Fed has reduced or stopped these boom//bust which the Fed itself helps to create through cartelizing the fractional (Ponzi) banking system?)

These concerns have been raised by academics studying and mapping cycles of all kinds, both naturally occurring and in manmade institutions. The principal concern has been that business and economic cycles, as well as other social and civilization cycles, are a natural part of the human condition, and attempting to mitigate them could easily cause the duration and amplitude of the cycles to increase rather than decrease.

Mitigating the effects of an economic or business cycle contraction with stimulus would only postpone the immediate severity of the contraction, while simultaneously becoming a contributing factor to an even more distorted market in the future that would require even more stimulus to prevent an even greater contraction. This process would continue until stimulus was no longer effective and the markets would clear naturally, and spectacularly.

The risk of this happening was the principal factor in the Federal Reserve adhering to a reactive, rather than preventive, policy. This, however, is not a part of the Fed’s legal mandate, and each Fed chair is left to determine what the difference is.

Although the world’s central banks have different operational procedures and mandates, they have all been designed following the U.S. Fed as a model and they abide by this broad mandate of reactive intervention. The world’s principal central banks — the Fed, Bank of England, Bank of Japan, and European Central Bank — are beginning to express a recognition that their policies since 2008 (the BOJ since the mid-1990s) may have been preventive and, as a result, magnified the real economic and business cycle distortions.

As a result, they may now begin the slow and steady process of reverting to a reactive stance and allow the markets and economies to clear excesses of the past several years. Wednesday’s nominal move by the Fed may be considered by investors as the first step in that process in the U.S. If so, traders should anticipate future intervention after a crisis and losses have been realized, not before.

Be careful out there!

Thursday, June 21, 2012

Are falling commodity prices a problem?

Today’s Bloomberg headline: “Stocks Drop with Commodities Poised for Bear Market.” A quick check shows that indeed the great majority of commodity prices are falling since their highs of last year. Indeed, many would say that commodities are already in a bear market:

Crude oil is down 31%.
The Journal of Commerce Metals Index is down 27%.
The CRB Spot Commodity Index is down 17%. (note, however, that this broad-based index of industrial, energy, and agricultural commodities is up 2.7% in the past three weeks, mainly due to rising prices for foodstuffs)
Gold is down 17%, and silver is down 44%.
Commodity investors are suffering, no question. So what does this mean? Does this reflect a global economic slowdown that threatens to become another recession? The beginnings of another bout of deflation? Is the Fed too tight? Are debt burdens killing economic growth?
The answer to these questions, I would argue, is that it depends on your perspective.
Consider the following long-term versions of each of the above charts:
In the past 13 and a half years, crude oil prices are up 550%, or almost 15% per year.
Industrial metals prices are up 260% in the past 10 and a half years, or 13% per year.
The CRB Spot Commodity Index is up 133% in the past 10 and a half years, or 8.4% per year.
Gold prices are up over 500% in the past 11 years, or 18% per year.
Wow. Is the commodity glass half full, or half empty? Looks pretty full to me. Just about any commodity you can find is up way more than the rate of inflation over the past decade or so. Is that because global growth is going gangbusters and we simply can’t produce enough of the stuff? Or could it have something to do with monetary policy? Consider this chart of the CRB Spot Commodity Index in constant dollar terms:
I think this chart shows that monetary policy can have a huge impact on commodity prices. The big secular trends in real commodity prices coincide very closely with the big trends in monetary policy. Monetary policy was easy throughout most of the 1970s, then became tight under Volcker beginning in 1979 and throughout most of Greenspan’s tutelage. Policy has been overtly accommodative for most of Bernanke’s term as chairman, with the big exception being the late 2008 period, when the Fed was slow to react to a massive increase in money demand, and thus became inadvertently tight until quantitative easing was launched.
Looked at from a long-term perspective, and viewed against the backdrop of monetary policy, it looks to me like commodities are still in a bull market, and the recent declines have been in the nature of a correction. As such, I don’t think that the recent decline in commodity prices, painful though it has been, reflects a major deterioration in the global economic outlook.
If anything, the recent decline in commodity prices is a correction from overly-strong gains—call it a bubble perhaps—that in turn were likely driven by the expectation that monetary policy was far more inflationary than it has turned out to be. Commodity speculators—and this goes double or triple for gold speculators—are realizing that commodity prices overshot the inflation fundamentals by a lot. The future hasn’t turned out to be as inflationary as they expected. Speculative excess has sowed the seeds of the commodity price drop, since dramatically higher prices have encouraged a lot of new commodity production at the same time that expensive prices have curbed demand. This is not an economic contraction we’re seeing, its a market correction.
Rather than fret over “weak” commodity prices, we should be rejoicing that oil prices are well off their highs and gasoline prices are declining.

Why Nations Fail

Understanding why companies succeed or fail is critical to our investing success. Broaden your reading to include international politics and economics. I don’t agree with everything the authors say but I find Why nations Fail (video lecture)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRAkz13cpsk&feature=related fascinating. Click to see the lecture by one of the authors.

A Summary of the Book

http://www.freakonomics.com/2012/04/13/wondering-why-nations-fail-bring-your-questions-for-daron-acemoglu-and-james-robinson/

1. So Close and Yet So Different: Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, have the same people, culture, and geography. Why is one rich and one poor?

2. Theories That Don’t Work: Poor countries are poor not because of their geographies or cultures, or because their leaders do not know which policies will enrich their citizens (or the leaders may know but seek to preserve their own interests).

3. The Making of Prosperity and Poverty: How prosperity and poverty are determined by the incentives created by institutions, and how politics determines what institutions a nation has

4. Small Differences and Critical Junctures: The Weight of History: How institutions change through political conflict and how the past shapes the present

5. “I’ve Seen the Future, and It Works”: Growth Under Extractive Institutions: What Stalin, King Shyaam, the Neolithic Revolution, and the Maya city-states all had in common and how this explains why China’s current economic growth cannot last

6. Drifting Apart: How institutions evolve over time, often slowly drifting apart

7. The Turning Point: How a political revolution in 1688 changed institutions in England and led to the Industrial Revolution

8. Not on Our Turf: Barriers to Development: Why the politically powerful in many nations opposed the Industrial Revolution

9. Reversing Development: How European colonialism impoverished large parts of the world

10. The Diffusion of Prosperity: How some parts of the world took different paths to prosperity from that of Britain

11. The Virtuous Circle: How institutions that encourage prosperity create positive feedback loops that prevent the efforts by elites to undermine them

12. The Vicious Circle: How institutions that create poverty generate negative feedback loops and endure

13. Why Nations Fail Today: Institutions, institutions, institutions

14. Breaking the Mold: How a few countries changed their economic trajectory by changing their institutions

15. Understanding Prosperity and Poverty: How the world could have been different and how understanding this can explain why most attempts to combat poverty have failed

The book: http://www.amazon.com/Why-Nations-Fail-Origins-Prosperity/product-reviews/0307719219/ref=cm_cr_dp_qt_hist_one?ie=UTF8&filterBy=addOneStar&showViewpoints=0

Free Lectures on Austrian Economics; Do Value Investors Add Value? Investing Wisdom for the Young

Austrian Economics

Mises Academy at www.mises.org (click on academy tab) is offering a free lecture on microeconomics. Register and attend the free lecture by Peter Klein. You will get a flavor for the courses. I have taken several and have enjoyed the interaction. Go here: http://academy.mises.org/courses/microeconomics/

The book for the course is an excellent primer on Austrian (real world) economic thinking. I suggest you read this book, Foundations of the Market Price System by Milton Shapiro before you tackle Man, Economy and State by Rothbard or Human Action by Mises.

http://library.mises.org/books/Milton%20M%20Shapiro/Foundations%20of%20the%20Market%20Price%20System.pdf

Lecture on the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle by Dr. Roger Garrison : ttp://youtu.be/jFqtTj7TeO0

Visual Study of the Austrian Trade Cycle (“ABCT”). Read this before seeing the above lecture to gain more insights into booms and busts.Visual Explanation of the Austrian Trade Cycle By Garrison I would never invest in commodity cyclical businesses unless I understood ABCT.

The Case For Quantitative Value Investment

My favorite investing blog has a white paper on active vs. passive investing.

http://greenbackd.com/2012/06/13/simple-but-not-easy-the-case-for-quantitative-value-white-paper/

Investing Wisdom for the Ages

http://greenbackd.com/2012/06/11/how-to-best-prepare-for-a-lifetime-of-good-investing/

http://abnormalreturns.com/finance-blogger-wisdom-a-lifetime-of-good-investing/

The Secret to Losing Weight

American Prisoner Alan Gross after fours years in Castro’s Gulag

Casualties of War